If △ABC≡△DEF:
Then AB=DE, BC=EF and CA=FD (Corresponding sides, congruent triangles)
Then ∠ABC=∠DEF, ∠BCA=∠EFD and ∠CAB=∠FDE (Corresponding angles, congruent triangles)
If ∠ABC=∠DEF, ∠ABC=∠DEF and ∠ABC=∠DEF, then △ABC∼△DEF (AAA)
3 sides proportional
If AB/DE=BC/EF=CA/FD, then △ABC∼△DEF (3 sides proportional)
Ratio of 2 sides, included angle
If AB/DE=CA/FD and ∠CAB=∠FDE, then △ABC∼△DEF (Ratio of 2 sides, included angle)
Corresponding sides, similar triangles, Corresponding angles, similar triangles
If △ABC∼△DEF:
Then AB/DE=BC/EF=CA/FD (Corresponding sides, similar triangles)
Then ∠ABC=∠DEF, ∠BCA=∠EFD and ∠CAB=∠FDE (Corresponding angles, similar triangles)
If AO, BO, CO, DO and EO meet at O, then ∠AOB+∠BOC+∠COD+∠DOE+∠EOA=360° (Angles at a point)
Proof
Extend AO to F, so that AOF is a straight line.
AOF is a straight line (Given)
∠AOE+∠EOD+∠DOF=180° (Adjacent angles on straight line)
∠AOB+∠BOC+∠COF=180° (Adjacent angles on straight line)
∠AOB+∠BOC+∠COD+∠DOE+∠EOA=(∠AOE+∠EOD+∠DOF)+(∠AOB+∠BOC+∠COF)
∴∠AOB+∠BOC+∠COD+∠DOE+∠EOA=180°+180°=360°
If AB, CD meet at O, then ∠AOC=∠BOD and ∠AOD=∠BOC (Vertical opposite angles)
Proof
AOB and COD are straight lines (Given)
∠AOC+∠AOD=180° (Adjacent angles on straight line)
∠AOD+∠BOD=180° (Adjacent angles on straight line)
∠AOC+∠BOC=180° (Adjacent angles on straight line)
∴∠AOC=∠BOD and ∠AOD=∠BOC
If ABC is a triangle, then ∠ABC+∠BCA+∠CAB=180° (Angle sum of triangle)
Proof
Draw a line segment DE passes through A, such that DAE//BC.
DE//BC (Given)
∠DAB=∠ABC (Alternate angles, DE//BC)
∠EAC=∠BCA (Alternate angles, DE//BC)
∠DAB+∠CAB+∠EAC=180° (Adjacent angles on straight line)
∴∠ABC+∠BCA+∠CAB=180°
The sum of interior angles of a n-sided convex polygon is (n-2)180° (Angles sum of polygon)
Proof
We can draw all diagonals of the n-sided convex polygon from a vertex.
We then find that (n-2) triangles are divided.
Each angle sum of triangle is 180° (Angle sum of triangle)
∴The sum of interior angles of a n-sided convex polygon is (n-2)180°
The sum of exterior angles of a n-sided convex polygon is 360° (Sum of exterior angles of polygon)
Proof
The angle sum of a n-sided convex polygon=(n-2)180° (Angles sum of polygon)
For every straight angle:
Interior angle+Exterior angle=180° (Adjacant angles on straight line)
∵There are n exterior angles (Given)
∴There are n straight angles
∴The sum of exterior angles of a n-sided convex polygon=n straight angles-angle sum of a n-sided convex polygon
∴The sum of exterior angles of a n-sided convex polygon=180°n-(n-2)180°=360°
If ABC is a right-angled triangle, and ∠ABC=90°, then AB2+BC2=CA2 (Pythagoras Theorem)
Proof
Draw a right-angled triangle CDE, such that △ABC≡△CDE, and BCD forms a straight line. Join
AE.
Let AB=c, BC=a, CA=b.
△ABC≡△CDE (Given)
∴AB=CD=c, BC=DE=a and CA=EC=b (Corresponding sides, similar triangles)
∴∠CAB=∠ECD, ∠ABC=∠CDE=90° and ∠BCA=∠DEC (Corresponding angles, similar triangles)
∠BCA+∠CAB=180°-∠ABC=180°-90°=90° (Angle sum of triangle)
∠BCA+∠ECD=180°-∠ACE (Adjacent angles on straight line)
∴∠ACE=90°
Area of trapezium ABDE=(1/2)(AB+DE)(BD)=(1/2)(c+a)(a+c)=(1/2)(a+c)2 Area of △ABC=Area of △CDE=(1/2)(AB)(BC)=(1/2)ac
Area of △ACE=(1/2)(AC)(CE)=(1/2)b2 ∵Area of trapezium ABDE=Area of △ABC+Area of △CDE+Area of △ACE
∴(1/2)(a+c)2=(1/2)ac+(1/2)ac+(1/2)b2 ∴a2+2ac+c2=2ac+b2 ∴a2+c2=b2 ∴AB2+BC2=CA2